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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain gauge...

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    Following the 1983 earthquake swarm, Long Valley caldera deformation slowed. Geodetic measurements show reduced extension rates, indicating decreased volcanic activity and potential magma injection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics
    • Volcanology
    • Geodesy

    Background:

    • The Long Valley caldera experienced significant seismicity in January 1983.
    • Post-seismic deformation, particularly in the south moat and resurgent dome, was notable.
    • Understanding ongoing deformation is crucial for assessing volcanic hazards.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the deformation rates in the Long Valley caldera following the 1983 earthquake swarm.
    • To analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of ground movement.
    • To model the subsurface processes driving the observed deformation.

    Main Methods:

    • Repeated two-color laser ranging measurements were conducted within a geodetic network.
    • Data collection spanned from June 1983 to November 1984.
    • Baseline extension and shear deformation were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • A significant decrease in the rate of baseline extension (2-3 times) was observed from mid-1983 to mid-1984.
    • Areal dilatation was the dominant deformation signal, with peak rates of 5 ppm/annum in summer 1983.
    • Shear deformation was also identified within the south moat.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed deformation suggests a diminishing rate of volcanic unrest after the 1983 seismic activity.
    • Deformation patterns are consistent with shallow magma injection beneath the resurgent dome.
    • Right-lateral slip on a shallow, vertical fault in the south moat also contributed to the deformation.