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Passive seismic experiment.

G V Latham, M Ewing, F Press

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 30, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Apollo 11 seismometer data revealed probable natural seismic signals, likely from meteoroid impacts or moonquakes. These signals suggest unique seismic wave transmission properties on the Moon, differing from Earth.

    Area of Science:

    • * Planetary Science
    • * Seismology
    • * Lunar Geology

    Background:

    • * The Apollo 11 mission deployed a seismometer at Tranquillity Base for 21 days.
    • * Understanding lunar seismic activity is crucial for characterizing the Moon's internal structure and geological processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To analyze seismic data from the Apollo 11 mission.
    • * To identify and characterize natural seismic signals distinct from artificial sources.
    • * To infer properties of the lunar interior and seismic wave propagation.

    Main Methods:

    • * Operation of a seismometer at Tranquillity Base for 21 days.
    • * Analysis of seismic signals, distinguishing between artificial (lunar module) and potential natural sources.
    • * Comparison of signal characteristics with known impact events (Apollo 12 ascent stage).

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    Main Results:

    • * Strong signals from the Apollo 11 lunar module descent stage were detected.
    • * A small proportion of signals exhibited characteristics of probable natural seismic events.
    • * These natural signals were long-duration, emergent oscillations, lacking discrete phases typical of earthquakes.
    • * Signal similarity to the Apollo 12 ascent stage impact suggests meteoroid impacts or shallow moonquakes as sources.
    • * The observed signal characteristics imply high seismic wave quality factor (Q) and intense wave scattering on the Moon.
    • * These conditions (high Q and scattering) are mutually exclusive on Earth.
    • * Natural seismic background noise on the Moon is significantly lower than on Earth.
    • * Lunar tectonism appears to be very low.

    Conclusions:

    • * The Moon experiences natural seismic events, likely caused by meteoroid impacts or moonquakes.
    • * Seismic wave propagation on the Moon differs significantly from Earth, characterized by high Q and intense scattering.
    • * The low level of natural seismic noise and apparent lack of significant lunar tectonism suggest a geologically quiescent Moon.