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Shock metamorphism in lunar samples.

W von Engelhardt, J Arndt, W F Müller

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 30, 1970

Summary

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Shock metamorphism in lunar rocks reveals high-pressure deformation and melting. Two impact sources and distinct melt chemistries suggest different lunar terrains were affected.

Area of Science:

Geology
Planetary Science
Impact Cratering

Background:

Shock metamorphism is a key indicator of impact events on planetary bodies.
Lunar crystalline rocks and breccias preserve evidence of extreme pressures and temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of shock metamorphism on lunar crystalline rocks and breccias.
To differentiate between primary and secondary impact shock sources.
To analyze the chemical variations in shock-induced melts.

Main Methods:

Microscopic examination of rock samples for deformation structures.
Analysis of plagioclase and pyroxene for shock features.
Chemical analysis of shock-induced melt glasses.

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Main Results:

Shock metamorphism evident in fine materials and breccias, rare in coarse fragments.
Observed deformation structures in plagioclase and pyroxene, diaplectic glasses, and shock melts.
Identified two primary shock sources: meteorite impacts and crater ejecta impacts.
Distinguished two major chemical types of shock-induced melts.

Conclusions:

Lunar rocks exhibit significant shock metamorphism from high-pressure events.
Impact shock waves originate from both primary and secondary impact events.
Chemical differences in melts correlate with impact locations in mare and highland regions.