Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
Published on: April 3, 2018
Abstract:
The mineral fragments that constitute the Apollo 11 microbreccia and fines show a number of shock-induced microstructural effects including multiple twinning on (001) in clinopyroxene and incipient development of lattice-controlled discontinuities in olivine. These structures coupled with the effects of shock-induced melting as manifested by spherules and angular fragments of glass and their partly to completely crystallized equivalents indicate that Apollo 11 materials were subjected to weak to moderate shocks with associated peak pressures of the order of 100 to 200 kilobars.
Related Concept Videos
Shock Waves
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high pressures...
Minerals
Impact: Problem Solving
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
Travelling Waves
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is water;...

