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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Mossbauer spectroscopy of moon samples.

A H Muir, R M Housley, R W Grant

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 30, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mössbauer spectroscopy identified iron metal, ilmenite, pyroxene, troilite, and iron-bearing glass in lunar samples. Lunar ilmenites exhibit antiferromagnetic transitions at approximately 57 Kelvin, indicating stoichiometric FeTiO3.

    Area of Science:

    • Geochemistry
    • Mineralogy
    • Solid State Physics

    Background:

    • Lunar samples provide insights into the Moon's composition and history.
    • Understanding the mineralogy and oxidation states of iron is crucial for lunar science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the iron-bearing mineralogy of various lunar samples.
    • To investigate the properties of iron-bearing phases using Mössbauer spectroscopy.

    Main Methods:

    • (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy was employed to analyze lunar bulk dust (10084,85) and rock fragments (10017,17; 10046,17; 10057,59; 10057,60; 10058,24).

    Main Results:

    • Identified iron metal, ilmenite, pyroxene, troilite, and iron-containing glass in the analyzed samples.

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    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
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    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Published on: October 25, 2019

    Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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    Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

    Published on: June 7, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
    07:52

    A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

    Published on: April 12, 2017

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
    08:14

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    Published on: October 25, 2019

    Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
    08:55

    Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

    Published on: June 7, 2018

  • Observed no significant change in the iron signal of sample 10084,85 upon exposure to air.
  • Determined the antiferromagnetic transition in lunar ilmenites occurs at approximately 57 K, consistent with stoichiometric FeTiO3.
  • Magnetically separated sample 10057 revealed the presence of troilite and metallic iron.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study successfully characterized the iron-bearing mineral assemblage in diverse lunar samples.
    • The findings confirm the presence of specific iron minerals and their stoichiometry in lunar regolith and rocks.
    • Mössbauer spectroscopy is a valuable tool for lunar sample analysis, providing detailed information on iron speciation and magnetic properties.