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Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations

Published on: September 11, 2016

Apollo 11 soil mechanics investigation.

N C Costes, W D Carrier, J K Mitchell

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 30, 1970

Summary

The Apollo 11 lunar soil is a brownish, granular material similar to terrestrial soils. Its physical properties, like density and cohesion, were analyzed for engineering applications.

Area of Science:

Lunar geology
Soil mechanics
Planetary science

Background:

Understanding the physical and mechanical properties of lunar regolith is crucial for future space missions.
Previous studies at Surveyor landing sites provided initial data on lunar soil characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the fine-grained surface material at the Apollo 11 landing site.
To compare its properties with terrestrial soils and previous lunar soil data.

Main Methods:

Visual and physical property analysis of lunar soil samples.
Density and cohesion measurements.
Grain size distribution and specific gravity determination.

Main Results:

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The Apollo 11 soil is brownish-gray, granular, and slightly cohesive, with grain sizes in the silt-to-fine-sand range.

Specific gravity is 3.1, and average density in the upper centimeters is 1.6 g/cm³.

Mechanical behavior is comparable to terrestrial soils of similar grain size distribution, despite compositional differences.

Conclusions:

The lunar soil exhibits properties that allow for comparison with terrestrial soil mechanics.
The findings support the feasibility of using lunar regolith in construction and other applications.
Data provides valuable insights for planning future lunar surface operations.