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Surface properties of lunar samples.

J J Grossman, J A Ryan, N R Mukherjee

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 30, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Fine rock samples break down when exposed to oxygen and water vapor. Analysis revealed plastic deformation, impact melting, and devitrification, indicating significant surface changes and electrostatic charging upon fracture.

    Area of Science:

    • Geology
    • Materials Science
    • Planetary Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the behavior of fine-grained geological materials under varying atmospheric conditions is crucial for planetary exploration.
    • Previous studies have focused on bulk properties, with less attention paid to the microstructural changes of regolith simulant.
    • The interaction of regolith with atmospheric components like oxygen and water can influence surface processes and adhesion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of oxygen and water vapor exposure on the microstructural integrity of fine-grained geological samples.
    • To characterize the resulting surface modifications, including deformation, melting, and phase changes.
    • To examine the adhesion properties and electrostatic phenomena of fractured rock in vacuum.

    Main Methods:

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    • Exposure of fine-grained geological samples to controlled atmospheres of oxygen and oxygen with 3.5% water at pressures above 2 torr.
    • Utilizing chemical etching techniques to reveal microstructural features.
    • Fracturing rock specimens in ultrahigh vacuum to observe time-dependent adhesion and surface charge distribution.

    Main Results:

    • Samples exposed to oxygen and water vapor showed signs of disruption.
    • Chemical etching revealed plastic deformation, impact-induced adhesion from melting, dislocations in crystalline phases, and partial devitrification of glassy components.
    • Rock fractures in ultrahigh vacuum exhibited time-dependent adhesion and localized electrostatic charging.

    Conclusions:

    • Exposure to oxygen and water vapor significantly alters the microstructure of fine-grained geological materials.
    • Impact melting and devitrification are key processes occurring under these conditions.
    • Fracture surfaces in vacuum display complex adhesion behaviors and electrostatic phenomena relevant to surface interactions.