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Related Concept Videos

Imprinting01:22

Imprinting

Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles
07:33

Functional Evaluation of Olfactory Pathways in Living Xenopus Tadpoles

Published on: December 11, 2018

Olfactory-based orientation in artificially imprinted sea turtles.

M A Grassman, D W Owens, J P McVey

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 6, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Artificial imprinting helps sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempi) recognize natal cues. This research suggests imprinting can establish new nesting populations for conservation.

    Area of Science:

    • Marine Biology
    • Conservation Science
    • Animal Behavior

    Background:

    • Sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempi) face endangerment.
    • Establishing new nesting populations is crucial for conservation.
    • Natal homing behavior is key to sea turtle reproduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if Kemp's ridley sea turtles can be artificially imprinted to a specific location.
    • To determine if neonatal olfactory exposure influences sea turtle orientation behavior.
    • To assess the potential of imprinting as a conservation tool.

    Main Methods:

    • Kemp's ridley sea turtles underwent artificial imprinting using Padre Island sand and seawater.
    • A multiple-choice test exposed turtles to imprinting solutions and control solutions.

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    Using Pharmacological Manipulation and High-precision Radio Telemetry to Study the Spatial Cognition in Free-ranging Animals
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  • Orientation behavior was measured by time spent in each solution.

    • Main Results:

    • Turtles spent significantly more time in solutions associated with Padre Island.
    • This indicates turtles detected and remembered olfactory differences.
    • Neonatal olfactory cues appear to influence orientation behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • Sea turtles possess the ability to detect and remember natal olfactory cues.
    • Artificial imprinting shows promise for establishing new sea turtle nesting sites.
    • Imprinting could be a viable conservation strategy for endangered sea turtles.