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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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Sinus bradycardia, Wolff Parkinson White, and left ventricular noncompaction: an embryologic connection?
Jack C Salerno1, Terrence U Chun, Joe C Rutledge
1Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. jack.salerno@seattlechildrens.org
Abstract:
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is an uncommon disorder that has recently been recognized as a distinct cardiomyopathy. LVNC is thought to result from an arrest in the normal process of myocardial compaction. The association of Wolff-Parkinson-White with noncompaction of the left ventricle is well recognized. Sinus bradycardia has also been associated with LVNC, although less frequently than that of Wolff-Parkinson-White. We report an infant with LVNC, Wolff-Parkinson-White, and progressive sinus bradycardia who had a myocardial vascular abnormality in the region of the sinus node evident on autopsy. We propose that the progressive nature of the conduction system abnormality was as a result of abnormal angiogenesis.
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