Classification of postoperative cardiac patients: comparative evaluation of four algorithms

Four classification algorithms based on Bayes' rule for minimum error are compared by evaluating their ability to recognize high- and normal-risk cardio-surgical patients. These algorithms differ in the modelling of the probability density function (pdf) for each class and include: (a) two parametric algorithms based on the assumption of normal pdf; (b) two non-parametric algorithms using Parzen multidimensional approximation of pdf with normal kernels. In each case, classes with both equal and different covariance matrices were considered. A set of 200 patients in the 6 h immediately following cardiac surgery has been used to test the performance of the algorithms. For each patient the three measured variables most effective in representing the difference between the two classes were considered. We found that the two algorithms which explicitly incorporate the information on the different sample covariance between the physiological variables existing in the two classes generally provide better recognition of high- and normal-risk patients. Of these two algorithms the parametric one appears extremely attractive for practical applications, since it exhibits slightly better performance in spite of its great simplicity.