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YAP insertion signature in South Asia
A Chandrasekar1, S Y Saheb, P Gangopadyaya
1Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 016, India.
Annals of Human Biology
|September 6, 2007
Summary
This study reveals high frequencies of Y Alu polymorphic (YAP) insertion in northeast Indian tribes, offering new insights into human migration patterns. These findings are significant for understanding the evolutionary history of the region.
Area of Science:
- Human genetics
- Population genetics
- Molecular anthropology
Background:
- The Y-chromosome Alu polymorphic (YAP) insertion is a genetic marker used to trace human migration.
- Previous studies indicated negligible YAP insertion frequencies in mainland Indian populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the frequencies and distribution of YAP insertion across various Indian tribal populations.
- To understand the implications of YAP insertion patterns for the peopling of India and ancient migration routes.
Main Methods:
- Genotyping of Y-chromosome Alu polymorphism (YAP insertion) in 2169 samples from 21 tribal populations across India.
- Analysis of YAP insertion frequencies and their association with specific Y-chromosome haplotypes (e.g., D*).
Main Results:
- High frequencies (8-65%) of YAP insertion were observed for the first time in northeast Indian tribes.
- All tested Jarawa samples from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands exhibited YAP insertion.
- YAP insertion in northeast India and Andaman tribes was predominantly associated with haplotype D* (M168, M174).
Conclusions:
- The findings suggest early Out of Africa migration to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, supported by YAP insertion data and previous mtDNA studies.
- Genetic drift and founder effects likely explain the variable YAP insertion frequencies in mainland and island populations, respectively.
- The significant YAP insertion findings in northeast Indian tribes are crucial for reconstructing regional evolutionary history.
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