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Warm pool heat budget and shortwave cloud forcing: a missing physics?

V Ramanathan, B Subasilar, G J Zhang

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 27, 1995
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Clouds over the western Pacific warm pool significantly reduce sea surface solar radiation by reflecting and trapping heat. This finding has major climate implications, challenging existing ocean heat transport models.

    Area of Science:

    • Oceanography
    • Atmospheric Science
    • Climate Science

    Background:

    • Ship observations and ocean models reveal minimal heat export from the western Pacific warm pool's mixed layer (<20 W/m²).
    • Understanding cloud radiative effects is crucial for accurate climate modeling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To deduce the impact of clouds on net solar radiation at the sea surface in the western Pacific warm pool.
    • To investigate the discrepancy between inferred and observed shortwave cloud forcing.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized ship observations and ocean model data for heat export calculations.
    • Inferred shortwave cloud forcing based on sea surface energy balance.

    Main Results:

    • Inferred shortwave cloud forcing was substantial (~ -100 W/m²), 1.5 times the observed value at the top of the atmosphere.

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  • Clouds appear to reduce sea surface solar radiation by both reflection and significant atmospheric absorption.
  • Conclusions:

    • Cloud radiative properties over the warm pool differ from typical model assumptions.
    • Excess cloud absorption has significant implications for ocean heat transport from tropics to extratropics.