Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower indicates...
Euler's Equations of Motion01:28

Euler's Equations of Motion

In fluid mechanics, shear stresses arise from viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to deformation. For low-viscosity fluids, like water, these stresses are minimal, simplifying flow analysis by allowing the fluid to be treated as inviscid, or frictionless. In an inviscid fluid, shear stresses are absent, leaving only normal stresses, which act perpendicularly to fluid elements. Notably, pressure — defined as the negative of the normal stress — remains uniform across...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differences between lactase deficient and non-lactase deficient women with spinal osteoporosis.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·1987
Same author

Survivors of Nazi concentration camps: psychopathology and views of psychotherapy.

The Canadian journal of psychiatric nursing·1979
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

In what sense is turbulence an unsolved problem?

M Nelkin

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 31, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    Understanding turbulence, a high Reynolds number fluid flow phenomenon, remains incomplete. While Kolmogorov

    Area of Science:

    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Physics of Complex Systems

    Background:

    • Turbulence is a complex phenomenon in fluid dynamics characterized by high Reynolds numbers.
    • Existing models like the Navier-Stokes equations have limitations in fully describing turbulent flows.
    • Fundamental assumptions, such as local isotropy, underpin current scaling theories but remain debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate the current understanding and knowledge gaps in turbulence.
    • To evaluate the applicability and limitations of direct numerical simulations (DNS) for turbulent flows.
    • To discuss the universality and scaling properties of turbulence, including extensions to multifractal models.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of the applicability of Navier-Stokes equations to turbulent flows.
    • Analysis of successes and limitations of direct numerical simulation (DNS).

    More Related Videos

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
    13:02

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

    Published on: February 27, 2016

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence
    12:34

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

    Published on: June 24, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
    10:53

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

    Published on: March 12, 2019

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
    13:02

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

    Published on: February 27, 2016

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence
    12:34

    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

    Published on: June 24, 2016

  • Discussion of Kolmogorov's 1941 scaling theory and its extensions.

    • Main Results:

    • Kolmogorov's 1941 scaling ideas show remarkable success despite underlying assumption uncertainties.
    • Multifractal extensions to dissipation fluctuations offer phenomenological insights but lack a complete physical basis.
    • Direct numerical simulations provide valuable data but face computational challenges.

    Conclusions:

    • Turbulence, as narrowly defined, remains an unsolved problem in physics.
    • A comprehensive physical understanding of turbulent phenomena is still lacking.
    • Further theoretical and computational advancements are needed to fully grasp turbulence.