Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

The Sulfur Cycle

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

Volatilization

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur cycle.In oxic environments,...

$Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling$ 01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) and manganese(II) alpha,omega-dicarboxylate complexes.

Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine·2000

Same author

ELECTRICAL ALTERNANS AND PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE.

Archives of internal medicine·1963

Same author

Listeria monocytogenes meningitis as a complication of steroid therapy.

BMQ; the Boston medical quarterly·1962

Same author

Hospital work-therapy for delinquent youths.

Hospitals·1960

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

Recent volcanism and the stratosphere.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 21, 1971

Summary

Volcanic eruptions from 1963 to 1970 injected ash and gases into the stratosphere. Equatorial and Arctic Circle volcanic belts were primary sources, with lower Arctic tropopause potentially enhancing stratospheric replenishment.

Area of Science:

Volcanology
Atmospheric Science
Geophysics

Background:

Post-1956, stratospheric volcanic activity was minimal until 1963.
Volcanic eruptions in the 1960s significantly impacted the stratosphere.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify major volcanic sources of stratospheric ash and gases between 1963 and 1970.
To investigate potential latitudinal belts responsible for stratospheric replenishment.

Main Methods:

Analysis of eruption records and dates.
Geographical mapping of volcanic activity.
Consideration of atmospheric dynamics, specifically tropopause height.

Main Results:

Two primary volcanic belts contributed to stratospheric material: equatorial and sub-Arctic.

More Related Videos

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

The sub-Arctic belt, with its lower tropopause, may have been a key source for stratospheric dust and gases.

Submarine and phreatic eruptions possibly increased stratospheric water vapor.

Conclusions:

Volcanic activity in the 1960s demonstrably injected material into the stratosphere.
Latitudinal distribution of volcanoes and tropopause height are critical factors in stratospheric volcanic impacts.
Further research into submarine and phreatic eruption impacts on stratospheric water vapor is warranted.