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Observations of Time Variation in the Sun's Rotation.

M F Woodard, K G Libbrecht

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 18, 1993

Summary

Solar cycle variations cause small changes in the Sun's subsurface rotation. These angular velocity shifts, primarily at high latitudes, are linked to solar activity.

Area of Science:

* Solar Physics
* Helioseismology
* Solar Dynamo

Background:

* Solar p-mode frequency splittings provide insights into the Sun's internal structure and dynamics.
* Previous helioseismic observations indicated solar cycle-related variations in the Sun's interior.

Purpose of the Study:

* To investigate changes in the Sun's subsurface angular velocity over a solar cycle using helioseismic data.
* To determine the latitude dependence of solar rotation rate variations.
* To explore potential links between observed angular velocity changes and solar activity.

Main Methods:

* Analysis of solar p-mode frequency splitting data from Big Bear Solar Observatory (1986 and 1988-90).
* Application of asymptotic inversion techniques to helioseismic data.

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* Comparison of rotation rates at different solar latitudes and time periods.

Main Results:

* Small (approx. 1%) changes in subsurface angular velocity were detected correlating with the solar cycle.
* The largest angular velocity variations (approx. 4 nHz) occurred between 1986 and 1988-90 at high solar latitudes (approx. 60 degrees).
* Helioseismology revealed latitude-dependent rotation rate changes.

Conclusions:

* The Sun's subsurface rotation rate varies with the solar cycle, particularly at high latitudes.
* Observed angular velocity changes are consistent in magnitude with earlier suggestions regarding solar cycle influences on the solar convection zone.
* A detailed model explaining these solar cycle-induced angular velocity variations is still needed.