Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
Published on: May 25, 2021
Abstract:
Laboratory experiments in which wind was blown gently over a regular crossed-wave pattern have clearly shown the existence of regular, steady, and reproducible Langmuir circulations. The circulations were present only when both the wind and the wave patterns existed at the same time. With circulations having an across-wind wavelength of 44 centimeters, the descending vertical motions carried turbulent surface water downward 39 centimeters to the bottom of the wind and wave tank. The observations are in general agreement with the mathematical model of Craik and Leibovich, although further experiments will be required to definitively test the analytical model.
Related Concept Videos
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates
Laminar Flow
Laminar and Turbulent Flow

