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Related Concept Videos

Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

Following ion diffusion in solution.

S Rondot, J Cazaux, O Aaboubi

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 25, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers visualized zinc ion diffusion during corrosion using X-ray microscopy. This method allows direct observation and quantification of ion behavior in aqueous solutions without prior treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Electrochemistry

    Background:

    • Corrosion processes involve ion diffusion, which is crucial for understanding material degradation.
    • Direct observation of ion behavior in solution is challenging due to lack of contrast and need for sample preparation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a method for direct, in-situ observation of zinc ion diffusion during corrosion.
    • To quantify the spatial and temporal evolution of zinc ions in aqueous solutions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an X-ray projection microscope with a charge-coupled device camera.
    • Acquired time series of microradiographic images with ~10 micrometer lateral resolution.
    • Analyzed images to track colorless zinc (Zn2+) ions and quantify their concentration distribution.

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    Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space
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    Published on: February 3, 2018

    Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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    Published on: July 24, 2017

    Main Results:

    • Successfully observed the diffusion of Zn2+ ions in aqueous hydrochloric acid during zinc corrosion.
    • Demonstrated the ability to visualize ion behavior and concentration changes over time without sample pretreatment.
    • Quantified ion concentration distributions from the microradiographic images.

    Conclusions:

    • X-ray projection microscopy provides a powerful tool for direct visualization of ion dynamics in aqueous solutions.
    • The technique is applicable to studying various processes in biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry involving ion transport.
    • This method offers a non-invasive approach to observe and quantify ion behavior and fluctuations in weakly absorbing media.