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Water-Quality Trends in the Nation's Rivers.

R A Smith, R B Alexander, M G Wolman

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 27, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Long-term U.S. river water quality analysis reveals significant shifts between 1974-1981. Key findings include decreased fecal bacteria and lead, alongside increased nitrate, chloride, arsenic, and cadmium levels.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Water Quality Monitoring
    • U.S. River Systems

    Background:

    • Major changes in terrestrial and atmospheric influences occurred between 1974-1981.
    • Understanding long-term water quality trends is crucial for environmental management.
    • Nationwide water quality data provides a comprehensive view of river health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze long-term water quality trends in major U.S. rivers.
    • To correlate observed water quality changes with environmental and industrial factors.
    • To provide insight into stream quality dynamics during a period of significant environmental change.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized water-quality records from two nationwide sampling networks.
    • Analyzed trends in 24 water quality parameters.

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  • Focused on data from over 300 locations on major U.S. rivers from 1974 to 1981.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed widespread decreases in fecal bacteria and lead concentrations.
    • Documented widespread increases in nitrate, chloride, arsenic, and cadmium concentrations.
    • Identified correlations between water quality changes and factors like waste treatment, highway salt use, fertilizer application, and gasoline consumption.

    Conclusions:

    • Water quality changes reflect shifts in human activities and environmental influences.
    • Municipal waste treatment improvements likely contributed to reduced bacteria and lead.
    • Increased agricultural and industrial activities appear linked to rising nitrate, chloride, arsenic, and cadmium levels.