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X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of 2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Tunable Coherent X-rays.

D Attwood, K Halbach, K J Kim

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 14, 1985

Summary

A new synchrotron radiation facility will produce laser-like soft X-rays for advanced research. This technology enables detailed microprobing of biological and material samples, surpassing current laboratory laser capabilities.

Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Biophysics

Background:

Current laboratory XUV lasers lack the capabilities for advanced microprobing.
Existing synchrotron facilities may not offer the required coherence and tunability for specific research applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the capabilities of a proposed 1- to 2-billion-electron-volt synchrotron radiation facility.
To highlight the potential applications of coherent soft X-rays generated by this facility.

Main Methods:

Utilizing high-brightness electron beams and magnetic undulators in a synchrotron.
Generating broadly tunable soft X-rays with wavelengths as short as 10 angstroms.
Achieving full polarization control of the generated radiation.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

Published on: October 17, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

Differential Imaging of Biological Structures with Doubly-resonant Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

Published on: October 17, 2010

Main Results:

Production of coherent, laser-like soft X-rays.
Wavelength tunability down to 10 angstroms.
Potential for phase- and element-sensitive microprobing and microfabrication.

Conclusions:

The proposed synchrotron facility offers unique short-wavelength capabilities crucial for biological and materials research.
These capabilities, including K-absorption edge access for C, N, and O, are not available with current laboratory XUV lasers.
Higher energy storage rings (5-6 GeV) are less suitable due to reduced coherence and increased optical component thermal loading.