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A rapid cold-hardening process in insects.

R E Lee, C P Chen, D L Denlinger

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 4, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Insects exhibit rapid cold hardening, a quick protective response against cold shock injury, independent of overwintering adaptations. This process in nonoverwintering insects is linked to glycerol accumulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Insect physiology
    • Cryobiology
    • Animal adaptation

    Background:

    • Traditional insect cold tolerance research emphasizes seasonal, long-term overwintering adaptations.
    • Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a less understood phenomenon conferring immediate protection against cold shock.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the rapid cold-hardening response in nonoverwintering insect stages.
    • To identify physiological mechanisms underlying this rapid response.

    Main Methods:

    • Exposure of nondiapausing larvae, pharate adults, and adults of selected insect species to cold shock conditions.
    • Observation of cold tolerance and survival rates.
    • Analysis of cryoprotectant accumulation, specifically glycerol.

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    Main Results:

    • A rapid cold-hardening response was observed in nondiapausing stages of Sarcophaga crassipalpis, Xanthogaleruca luteola, and Oncopeltus fasciatus.
    • This rapid hardening confers protection against cold shock injury at temperatures above the supercooling point.
    • The rapid hardening response correlated significantly with increased glycerol accumulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Insects possess a rapid cold-hardening mechanism distinct from seasonal overwintering adaptations.
    • Glycerol plays a crucial role in mediating rapid cold hardening and protecting insects from acute cold stress.