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Radiative climate forcing by the mount pinatubo eruption.

P Minnis, E F Harrison, L L Stowe

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 5, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption caused significant global cooling due to volcanic aerosols. These aerosols increased Earth's albedo, reflecting more sunlight and leading to measurable radiative forcing anomalies.

    Area of Science:

    • Earth Science
    • Atmospheric Science
    • Climate Science

    Background:

    • Volcanic eruptions inject aerosols into the stratosphere, influencing Earth's radiative balance.
    • Previous assessments of volcanic radiative forcing relied on indirect measurements.
    • The Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 provided a unique opportunity for direct measurement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the volcanic radiative forcing following the Mount Pinatubo eruption.
    • To provide the first unambiguous, direct measurements of large-scale volcanic forcing.
    • To analyze the immediate cooling effects and changes in radiative balance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized radiative flux anomalies from NASA's spaceborne Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed aerosol effects on both shortwave and longwave radiative forcing.
  • Quantified changes in Earth's albedo in clear and cloudy areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Direct measurements confirmed significant volcanic radiative forcing post-eruption.
    • Volcanic aerosols induced an immediate and increasing cooling effect through September 1991.
    • Aerosols increased albedo by reflecting more solar radiation, both directly and indirectly in cloudy regions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides the first direct evidence of large-scale volcanic radiative forcing.
    • Volcanic aerosols demonstrably cause significant global cooling by increasing Earth's albedo.
    • ERBE data offers crucial insights into the climate impacts of major volcanic events.