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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Solid-state photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation.

J H Weaver, G Margaritondo

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 12, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Synchrotron radiation enhances photoelectron spectroscopy, revolutionizing the study of electronic behavior in solids and surfaces. This technique enables direct mapping of electronic band structure and surface analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Chemistry
    • Materials Science
    • Biology

    Background:

    • Synchrotron radiation provides intense, tunable, polarized, and stable photon beams.
    • These beams significantly impact various scientific research fields.
    • Solid-state photoelectron spectroscopy is a key technique for studying electronic properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss fundamental photoemission techniques utilizing synchrotron radiation.
    • To highlight the advancements in understanding electronic behavior of solids and surfaces.
    • To showcase recent applications in surface science.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing synchrotron radiation sources for photoelectron spectroscopy.
    • Employing tunable surface sensitivity in photoemission techniques.

    More Related Videos

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
    09:00

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

    Published on: June 28, 2018

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
    09:53

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

    Published on: October 30, 2012

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
    08:53

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

    Published on: October 9, 2012

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
    09:00

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

    Published on: June 28, 2018

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
    09:53

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

    Published on: October 30, 2012

  • Directly mapping electronic band structure.

    • Main Results:

    • Synchrotron radiation has revolutionized solid-state photoelectron spectroscopy.
    • Techniques offer adjustable surface sensitivity.
    • Direct mapping of electronic band structure is now possible.

    Conclusions:

    • Photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool.
    • It provides direct insights into electronic band structure.
    • Applications include detailed studies of chemisorption and surface structures.