Primary intraocular lymphoma: an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group Report

Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is an uncommon subset of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Because it is rare and difficult to diagnose, the natural history and optimal management are unknown.

A retrospective study of 83 HIV negative, immunocompetent PIOL patients was assembled from 16 centers in seven countries.

Median age at diagnosis was 65. Median ECOG performance status was 0. Presenting symptoms included blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, and floaters. Median time to diagnosis was 6 months. Diagnosis was made by vitrectomy (74), choroidal/retinal biopsy (6) and ophthalmic exam (3). Eleven percent had positive CSF cytology. Initial treatment was categorized as focal in 23 (intra-ocular methotrexate, ocular radiotherapy) or extensive in 53 (systemic chemotherapy, whole brain radiotherapy). Six received none; details are unknown in one. Forty-seven relapsed: brain 47%, eyes 30%, brain and eyes 15%, and systemic 8%. Median time to relapse was 19 months. Focal therapy alone did not increase risk of brain relapse. Median progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 29.6 and 58 months, respectively, and unaffected by treatment type.

Treatment type did not affect relapse pattern, median PFS or OS. Focal therapy may minimize treatment toxicity without compromising disease control.