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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient01:10

Calibration Curves: Correlation Coefficient

In a linear calibration curve, there is a value called the calibration coefficient, denoted by 'r,' which measures the strength and the direction of association between two variables. The correlation coefficient value ranges from −1 to +1. A value of +1 indicates a perfect positive linear correlation, −1 denotes a perfect negative correlation, and 0 implies no correlation between the two variables. A positive correlation value establishes that as one variable increases, the other increases, and...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...

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Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
06:51

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Published on: August 2, 2018

Covariance mapping: a correlation method applied to multiphoton multiple ionization.

L J Frasinski, K Codling, P A Hatherly

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 24, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Covariance mapping reveals hidden correlations in fluctuating signals, unlike conventional averaging. This technique was applied to analyze molecular fragmentation dynamics after intense laser ionization.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Physics
    • * Physical Chemistry
    • * Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • * Conventional signal processing methods, such as averaging, can obscure subtle correlations within highly fluctuating data.
    • * Identifying these hidden correlations is crucial for understanding complex dynamic processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To introduce and demonstrate the utility of covariance mapping as a method for uncovering hidden correlations in fluctuating signals.
    • * To analyze the dynamics of molecular fragmentation following ionization by an intense picosecond laser.

    Main Methods:

    • * Development and application of covariance mapping technique.
    • * Analysis of data from molecular fragmentation experiments induced by intense picosecond laser pulses.

    Main Results:

    • * Covariance mapping successfully revealed previously obscured correlations in the fluctuating signal.
    • * The technique provided unambiguous insights into the dynamics of molecular fragmentation.

    Conclusions:

    • * Covariance mapping is a powerful tool for analyzing complex fluctuating signals and uncovering hidden correlations.
    • * The method offers significant advantages over conventional averaging for studying dynamic processes like laser-induced molecular fragmentation.