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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: January 25, 2012
Granular convection observed by magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract:
Vibrations in a granular material can spontaneously produce convection rolls reminiscent of those seen in fluids. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a sensitive and noninvasive probe for the detection of these convection currents, which have otherwise been difficult to observe. A magnetic resonance imaging study of convection in a column of poppy seeds yielded data about the detailed shape of the convection rolls and the depth dependence of the convection velocity. The velocity was found to decrease exponentially with depth; a simple model for this behavior is presented here.
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