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Geotropism: Its Orienting Force.

A H Westing

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 12, 1964
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Plant shoots, like those of Pisum sativum L., align with gravity when grown under centrifugal force. This confirms that the inertial force of gravity drives plant geotropism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant biology
    • Gravitational biology
    • Physics

    Background:

    • Geotropism is the growth of plant organs in response to gravity.
    • The precise force driving geotropism in higher plants has been debated.
    • Understanding geotropism is crucial for plant development research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the orienting force of geotropism in higher plants.
    • To test the hypothesis that the inertial force of gravity is the primary driver of geotropism.
    • To observe plant shoot behavior under controlled simulated gravitational conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Seeds of Pisum sativum L. and other species were germinated and grown for at least five days.
    • Plants were cultivated on a continuously rotating vertical-axis turntable.

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  • A maximum centrifugal force of 1.79g was applied to simulate gravitational fields.

    • Main Results:

    • Plant shoots (epicotyls) exhibited orientation parallel to the resultant gravitational field in darkness.
    • The observed orientation was consistent across different plant species tested.
    • The results demonstrated a direct correlation between the applied force and shoot orientation.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings confirm the hypothesis that the inertial force of gravity is the orienting force of geotropism in higher plants.
    • Plant geotropism is a direct response to the physical force of gravity.
    • This study provides empirical evidence for the physical basis of plant gravitropism.