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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination
05:36

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Parthenogenesis: does it occur spontaneously in mice?

W K Whitten

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 29, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary

    Parthenogenesis, or asexual reproduction, was investigated as a cause for an excess of female offspring in mice. Examination of genetic markers confirmed that all female offspring were hybrids, ruling out parthenogenesis.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive biology
    • Genetics
    • Developmental biology

    Background:

    • Parthenogenesis, a form of asexual reproduction, can significantly alter sex ratios in bisexual organisms.
    • An unexplained excess of female offspring in mouse matings prompted an investigation into potential reproductive anomalies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether parthenogenesis was the cause of an observed excess of female offspring in bisexual organisms.
    • To examine female offspring phenotypes for evidence of paternal genetic contribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Phenotypic examination of female mice from specific matings.
    • Analysis for the presence of marker genes of paternal origin in female offspring.

    Main Results:

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    • All examined female offspring exhibited characteristics of hybrids, possessing both maternal and paternal genetic markers.
    • The presence of paternal genes in all female offspring excluded the possibility of parthenogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Parthenogenesis is not the cause of the observed skewed sex ratio in the studied mouse populations.
    • The genetic analysis confirmed normal biparental reproduction, despite the altered sex ratio.