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Related Concept Videos

What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

Overview
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

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Related Experiment Videos

Weather regimes: the challenge in extended-range forecasting.

B Reinhold

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 23, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mid-latitude weather regimes, driven by planetary waves and synoptic disturbances, explain climate anomalies. These chaotic, internally generated regimes shift abruptly, showcasing natural atmospheric dynamics.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Climatology
    • Meteorology

    Background:

    • Mid-latitude atmospheric variance at low frequencies (10-90 days) lacks a comprehensive explanation.
    • Existing models, like stimulus-response to El Niño, may not fully capture internal atmospheric dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a hypothesis explaining low-frequency variance in the mid-latitude atmosphere.
    • To introduce the concept of 'weather regimes' as a mechanism for short-range climate anomalies.

    Main Methods:

    • The study proposes a theoretical framework based on the interaction between planetary-scale waves and synoptic-scale weather disturbances.
    • It hypothesizes that these interactions generate quasi-stable atmospheric flow configurations known as weather regimes.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Results:

    • Weather regimes are identified as the cause of climate anomalies like droughts, heat waves, and extreme precipitation by organizing storm tracks.
    • The onset and disruption of these regimes can be triggered by single cyclonic disturbances, leading to rapid, seemingly random regime shifts.

    Conclusions:

    • The chaotic and abrupt short-range climatic behavior of mid-latitudes is an intrinsic property of atmospheric dynamics.
    • Weather regime transitions are primarily internal, not requiring external forcing such as El Niño events.