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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Venus: composition and structure of the visible clouds.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 14, 1973

Summary

Venus

Area of Science:

Planetary Science
Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

The visible cloud deck on Venus is a key feature.
Its composition and formation mechanism are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a model for the formation of Venus's sulfuric acid clouds.
To explain the observed atmospheric composition and cloud structure.

Main Methods:

Atmospheric modeling of photooxidation processes.
Comparison of predicted particulate scale height with gas scale height.
Analysis of mixing ratios for key atmospheric components.

Main Results:

Sulfuric acid droplets, formed by carbonyl sulfide photooxidation, likely compose Venus's clouds.

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Predicted mixing ratios for water, carbonyl sulfide, and sulfur dioxide align with observations.

Cloud gaps are unlikely without rapid atmospheric dynamics.

Conclusions:

Venus's clouds are best described as an extensive haze.
Under specific dynamic conditions, a thin hydrochloric acid haze may form at higher altitudes.