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Related Concept Videos

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
09:53

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

Published on: October 30, 2012

Ultraviolet spectrometer observations of uranus.

A L Broadfoot, F Herbert, J B Holberg

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 4, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Uranus

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    Published on: October 25, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Uranus's upper atmosphere reaches 750 kelvins.
    • Atomic and molecular hydrogen dominate Uranus's atmosphere.
    • Methane and acetylene distributions are defined in lower atmospheric levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the energy sources and characteristics of Uranus's atmospheric emissions.
    • Determine the composition and structure of Uranus's upper atmosphere.
    • Analyze the implications of atmospheric properties on Uranus's rings.

    Main Methods:

    • Solar and stellar occultations were used to gather atmospheric data.
    • Ultraviolet spectroscopy analyzed emissions from the sunlit hemisphere.
    • Electron energy distribution models were employed to understand excitation mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • Electroglow emissions from atomic and molecular hydrogen were observed.
    • Low-energy electrons (3-electron-volt Maxwellian distribution) are the likely excitation source.
    • Dissociation of molecular hydrogen produces high-energy hydrogen atoms, contributing to a thermal corona.
    • Auroral emissions were detected in the dark hemisphere.
    • Acetylene volume mixing ratio estimated at 2 x 10(-7).
    • Carbon emissions were detected.

    Conclusions:

    • Uranus's high atmospheric temperature and hydrogen corona influence ring particle orbital lifetimes and size distributions.
    • Electroglow and auroral emissions provide insights into atmospheric energy transfer.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the energy sources driving these phenomena.