Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing
05:44

In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing

Published on: May 8, 2014

Is there any chlorine monoxide in the stratosphere?

M J Mumma, J D Rogers, T Kostiuk

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 15, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ground-based infrared measurements found significantly lower stratospheric chlorine monoxide levels than expected. This suggests chlorofluorocarbons may play a smaller role in ozone depletion than previously believed.

    More Related Videos

    Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry12:11

    Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

    Published on: April 8, 2020

    Controlled-release of Chlorine Dioxide in a Perforated Packaging System to Extend the Storage Life and Improve the Safety of Grape Tomatoes07:07

    Controlled-release of Chlorine Dioxide in a Perforated Packaging System to Extend the Storage Life and Improve the Safety of Grape Tomatoes

    Published on: April 7, 2017

    Related Concept Videos

    Mixtures of Acids03:27

    Mixtures of Acids

    The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
    A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
    In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
    Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

    Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

    Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides typically produces two distinct molecular ion peaks, the molecular ion peak, [M], and the molecular ion plus two, [M + 2] peak. The relative heights of these two peaks are proportional to the isotopic abundance ratios of the halide. For example, 2‐chloropropane and 1‐bromopropane display two peaks with relative peak heights in a 3:1 and 1:1...
    Atomic Mass01:52

    Atomic Mass

    Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...
    Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents01:27

    Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents

    In the presence of heat or light, alkanes react with molecular halogens to form alkyl halides by a substitution reaction called radical halogenation. This reaction has three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination, as seen in the radical chlorination of methane to produce methyl chloride.
    In the initiation step of the reaction, the chlorine molecule undergoes homolytic cleavage in the presence of light or heat, forming two highly reactive chlorine radicals. Propagation occurs in two...
    Noble Gases02:54

    Noble Gases


    The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
    Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

    Molecular Shape and Polarity

    Dipole Moment of a Molecule