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Rapid changes in tree leaf chemistry induced by damage: evidence for communication between plants
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 15, 1983
Summary
Plants can chemically warn neighbors when damaged. This study shows damaged poplar and maple plants release airborne cues, triggering defense compound production in nearby, undamaged plants, potentially deterring insects.
Area of Science:
- Plant biochemistry
- Chemical ecology
- Plant defense mechanisms
Background:
- Plants possess sophisticated defense mechanisms against herbivory.
- Inter-plant communication can occur through various signaling pathways.
- Phenolic compounds play a crucial role in plant defense against insects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the biochemical responses of damaged and neighboring plants to simulated herbivory.
- To determine if airborne cues mediate defense responses in adjacent plants.
- To explore the role of phenolic compounds and tannins in plant-plant signaling.
Main Methods:
- Potted poplar ramets and sugar maple seedlings were subjected to controlled leaf area removal (7%).
- Concentrations and synthesis rates of phenolic compounds, hydrolyzable, and condensed tannins were measured.
- Undamaged plants in shared enclosures with damaged plants were monitored for biochemical changes.
Main Results:
- Damaged poplar and sugar maple plants showed increased phenolic compound concentrations and synthesis rates.
- Undamaged poplar and maple plants in proximity to damaged ones exhibited increased phenolic compounds and tannins.
- Neighboring plants responded biochemically within 36-52 hours, suggesting a rapid signaling process.
Conclusions:
- Airborne cues released from damaged plant tissues can induce biochemical defense responses in neighboring plants.
- This inter-plant signaling, mediated by volatile organic compounds, may enhance collective plant defense against herbivores.
- The findings highlight a novel mechanism of plant communication influencing plant-insect interactions.
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