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Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets
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Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets

Published on: November 2, 2011

Rapid solid-state precursor synthesis of materials.

J B Wiley, R B Kaner

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 28, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    Metathetical reactions offer a rapid, room-temperature synthetic route for diverse materials, enabling control over particle size and solid solutions. Thermodynamic analysis aids precursor selection for these exothermic solid-solid reactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid-State Chemistry
    • Chemical Synthesis

    Background:

    • Metathetical (exchange) reactions are an effective synthetic route for numerous materials.
    • These solid-solid reactions are rapid, often occurring in under 1 second.
    • Reactions can be initiated at or near room temperature.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore metathetical reactions as a synthetic route for materials.
    • To investigate the potential for controlling product particle size and creating solid solutions.
    • To utilize thermodynamic considerations for precursor selection.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing metathetical pathways for solid-solid reactions.
    • Initiating reactions at or near room temperature.

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    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
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    Solid-phase Submonomer Synthesis of Peptoid Polymers and their Self-Assembly into Highly-Ordered Nanosheets
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    Published on: December 29, 2016

  • Analyzing reaction enthalpies for precursor selection.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated rapid synthesis of various materials, including MoS(2), ZrN, MoSi(2), and GaAs.
    • Observed rapid reaction times (typically < 1 second).
    • Noted potential for controlling particle size and forming solid solutions.

    Conclusions:

    • Metathetical reactions provide a versatile and efficient method for synthesizing a wide range of materials.
    • The exothermic nature of these reactions necessitates thermodynamic considerations for safety and efficiency.
    • This synthetic route offers advantages in particle size control and the formation of high-quality solid solutions.