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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
10:40

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Published on: April 8, 2018

Ferroelectric polymers.

A J Lovinger

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 10, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Certain polymers, like poly(vinylidene fluoride), exhibit piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties. This study details the structural requirements for these behaviors in polymers and their applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Polymer Science
    • Solid-State Physics

    Background:

    • Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity are phenomena typically observed in inorganic crystals and ceramics.
    • Recent research has identified these properties in various polymers, expanding their potential applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the molecular and supermolecular structural prerequisites for ferroelectric behavior in polymers.
    • To provide a detailed analysis focusing on poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers.
    • To review the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties of these polymers.

    Main Methods:

    • Detailed structural analysis of polymers exhibiting piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties.
    • Review of existing literature on polymer ferroelectricity.

    More Related Videos

    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

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    Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
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    Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

    Published on: March 27, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
    10:40

    A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

    Published on: April 8, 2018

    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
    07:03

    Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

    Published on: August 15, 2018

    Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
    08:00

    Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

    Published on: March 27, 2018

  • Examination of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers.

    • Main Results:

    • Ferroelectric behavior has been documented in poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers.
    • Specific molecular and supermolecular structures are crucial for achieving ferroelectricity in polymers.
    • These polymers demonstrate significant piezoelectric and pyroelectric characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers are promising materials for advanced applications due to their ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties.
    • Understanding the structure-property relationships is key to developing new functional polymers.
    • These polymers offer a versatile alternative to traditional inorganic materials in various technological fields.