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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples
03:32

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples

Published on: August 22, 2019

Chitotriosidase activity in pleural effusions.

Lorena Bouzas1, Esther San José, J Carlos Tutor

  • 1Laboratorio Central, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Clinical Laboratory
|September 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Chitotriosidase (ChT) activity is significantly higher in tuberculous pleural effusions, aiding in diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. Elevated ChT levels show high sensitivity and specificity in lymphocytic effusions.

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Monitoring Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Activity in Human Sputum Samples
09:23

Monitoring Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Activity in Human Sputum Samples

Published on: May 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Chitotriosidase (ChT) is a marker of macrophage activation.
  • Macrophages are crucial in defending against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Assessing ChT in pleural effusions (PE) could aid in diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Chitotriosidase (ChT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusions (PE).
  • To determine the diagnostic utility of ChT in characterizing tuberculous pleurisy.

Main Methods:

  • ChT and ADA activities were measured in 12 tuberculous PE, 26 non-tuberculous lymphocytic PE, and 25 neutrophilic PE.
  • Enzyme heterogeneity of ChT was analyzed using thermal inactivation at 60°C.
  • Statistical analyses, including partial correlation, were performed.

Main Results:

  • ChT activity was significantly higher in tuberculous PE compared to non-tuberculous lymphocytic PE (p < 0.01).
  • A statistically significant correlation was observed between ChT and ADA levels.
  • In lymphocytic PE, ChT activity > 40 mmol/h/mL demonstrated 92% sensitivity and 72% specificity for tuberculous pleurisy.

Conclusions:

  • ChT activity is a valuable biochemical marker for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy, particularly in lymphocytic effusions.
  • The combination of ChT and ADA may improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate ChT isoforms secreted by different cell types in PE.