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Natural attenuation processes during in situ capping.

David W Himmelheber1, Kurt D Pennell, Joseph B Hughes

  • 1School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

Environmental Science & Technology
|September 8, 2007
PubMed
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In situ sediment caps may reduce natural dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. Enhancing electron donors in capped sediments can restore microbial activity and contaminant breakdown.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chlorinated solvents contaminate groundwater, impacting surface water and benthic ecosystems.
  • Aquatic sediments can naturally detoxify these contaminants through reductive dechlorination.
  • In situ sediment capping, a remediation method, might affect these natural attenuation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Anacostia River sediment's capacity for natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents under simulated capping conditions.
  • To assess the impact of electron donor availability on microbial dechlorination activity.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of capped sediment beds in preventing contaminant breakthrough.

Main Methods:

  • Microcosm studies to assess intrinsic dechlorination potential.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Upflow column experiments simulating capped sediment beds with PCE-contaminated groundwater.
  • Microbial community analysis, including amplification of reductive dehalogenase genes (tceA, vcrA, bvcA).
  • Monitoring of chloroethene concentrations and electron donor addition for biostimulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Intrinsic dechlorination of PCE to ethene was observed, controlled by electron donor availability.
    • A diverse microbial community, including Dehalococcoides strains, was identified in the sediment.
    • Simulated capped sediment beds initially lost dechlorination activity but regained it upon electron donor addition.
    • Biostimulation led to increased chloroethene concentrations, attributed to enhanced desorption and product formation.

    Conclusions:

    • In situ sediment caps can reduce the natural biobarrier function of sediments.
    • Electron donor availability is critical for maintaining microbial dechlorination in capped systems.
    • Sediment cap design must consider potential reductions in natural attenuation and contaminant breakthrough.