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Human immunodeficiency virus infection in a child presenting as herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Nidhi Pandey1, A K Chandrakar, S L Adile

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Pt JNM Medical College, Raipur 492009.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|September 8, 2007
PubMed

Insights

A 9-year-old boy with herpes zoster ophthalmicus was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Early diagnosis and treatment with acyclovir and antiretroviral therapy led to a favorable response, highlighting HIV in young patients.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Herpes zoster (shingles) is typically seen in older adults.
  • Unusual occurrence in children warrants investigation for underlying conditions.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can manifest with opportunistic infections.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old boy presented with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (shingles affecting the eye).
  • He had a history of abdominal surgery and blood transfusion 1.5 years prior.
  • Symptoms included malaise, fever, weight loss, and a subsequent blistering rash around the eye.

Findings:

  • Investigations revealed the boy was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus was an early manifestation of pediatric HIV infection.
  • The patient responded well to systemic acyclovir and antiretroviral treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering HIV in children presenting with atypical infections like herpes zoster.
  • Prompt diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy are crucial for managing HIV and its complications in pediatric patients.
  • Ophthalmologists should be vigilant for signs of systemic illness, including HIV, in young patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

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