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PM(10) source characterization at urban and highway roadside locations.
Erik Furusjö1, John Sternbeck, Anna Palm Cousins
1IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, 100 31, Stockholm, Sweden. erik.furusjo@ivl.se
The Science of the Total Environment
|September 8, 2007
Summary
Brake wear is a significant source of PM(10) pollution in urban areas, alongside resuspension and long-range transport. Vehicle exhaust was not a major PM(10) contributor in this Swedish study.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Air Quality Monitoring
Background:
- Particulate Matter (PM(10)) levels are a concern for urban air quality.
- Identifying sources of PM(10) is crucial for effective pollution control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the sources of PM(10) at roadside locations in Stockholm.
- To quantify the contribution of different sources to PM(10) levels.
Main Methods:
- PM(10) samples collected over a year at highway and urban street canyon sites.
- Analysis of 29 metals in PM(10) samples.
- Multivariate receptor modeling (positive matrix factorization) to identify source contributions.
Main Results:
- Five factors identified: resuspension, vehicle-derived, road salt, regional combustion, and long-range transport.
- Resuspension and long-range transport were significant at both sites.
- Long-range transport dominated PM(10) at the highway.
- Vehicle sources, particularly brake wear, were important in the urban canyon.
- Vehicle exhaust was not a major identified source.
Conclusions:
- Brake wear is identified as a major source of urban PM(10), a novel finding.
- Long-range transport significantly impacts roadside PM(10) levels.
- Source apportionment of PM(10) varies between urban and highway environments.
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