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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Published on: May 27, 2018
Hydrogen bonding in liquid water probed by resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy
Bernd Winter1, Uwe Hergenhahn, Manfred Faubel
1Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. bwinter@mbi-berlin.de
Abstract:
We have measured resonant and off-resonant Auger-electron spectra of liquid water. Continuumlike transitions near and above the O1s vertical ionization energy are identified by the characteristic normal Auger-electron spectra. On the contrary, well-resolved spectator shifts of the main Auger-electron peak are observed at the liquid-water O1s absorption main edge and near the absorption pre-edge. The shifts of 1.4 and 1.9 eV arise from the localized nature of the excitation. Excited-state localization/delocalization is also discussed for the analogous vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) transitions, and we point out the similarities between x-ray and VUV absorption spectra of liquid water.
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