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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis
11:04

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Published on: December 19, 2015

ELYS/MEL-28 chromatin association coordinates nuclear pore complex assembly and replication licensing.

Peter J Gillespie1, Guennadi A Khoudoli, Graeme Stewart

  • 1Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Current Biology : CB
|September 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ELYS/MEL-28 protein binds chromatin, essential for nuclear pore complex assembly. Its interaction with Mcm2-7 replication proteins coordinates nuclear formation with DNA replication licensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Xenopus egg extract supports in vitro cell-cycle transitions.
  • Proteomics identifies proteins with changing chromatin abundance during the cell cycle.
  • ELYS/MEL-28 is an early factor required for nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify proteins on chromatin during the cell cycle.
  • Investigate the role of ELYS/MEL-28 in NPC assembly and chromatin interaction.
  • Elucidate the coordination between nuclear assembly and DNA replication licensing.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomics analysis of Xenopus egg extract.
  • In vitro cell-cycle studies.
  • Chromatin binding assays.
  • Analysis of ELYS/MEL-28 and Mcm2-7 protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • ELYS/MEL-28 binds chromatin via its AT-hook domain, crucial for NPC assembly.
  • ELYS/MEL-28 physically associates with Mcm2-7 replication-licensing proteins on chromatin.
  • Disrupting Mcm2-7 loading delays ELYS chromatin loading, NPC assembly, and nuclear growth.

Conclusions:

  • ELYS/MEL-28 directly interacts with chromatin, essential for NPC assembly and DNA compartmentalization.
  • A physical association between ELYS and Mcm2-7 suggests a coordination mechanism.
  • This coordination links nuclear assembly with the shutdown of replication licensing before S phase entry.