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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

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In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
09:31

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Published on: March 30, 2015

Simple trigonometry on computed tomography helps in planning renal access.

Cenk Yücel Bilen1, Burak Koçak, Gürcan Kitirci

  • 1Department of Urology, Hacettepe Universitesi Tip Fakültesi, Ankara, Turkey. cybilen@yahoo.com

Urology
|September 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Preoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements can guide surgeons in planning percutaneous nephrolithotomy access. This trigonometric approach helps achieve successful infracostal access for urinary stone disease, improving outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Planning

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a key procedure for urinary stone disease.
  • Planning the optimal access site is crucial for PCNL success and minimizing complications.
  • Preoperative imaging plays a vital role in surgical strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of preoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements for planning C-arm vertical angulation during PCNL.
  • To assess the feasibility of using simple trigonometry on CT scans to determine the best access route for urinary stones.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 41 patients undergoing PCNL with superior calix access.
  • Measurement of stone depth (y) and distance to the first rib free slice (x) on preoperative CT scans.
  • Utilizing a ratio (x/y) threshold of 0.58 to predict successful infracostal access.

Main Results:

  • Successful superior calix access via infracostal approach was achieved in 28 patients.
  • Preoperative CT-based trigonometric predictions correctly identified the feasibility of this approach in 24 of these cases.
  • A high stone-free rate of 92.6% was observed, with no reported chest-related complications.

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative CT-based simple trigonometry is a valuable tool for endourologists planning renal access in patients with complex urinary stones.
  • This method aids in selecting the optimal infracostal access route, potentially improving PCNL outcomes and safety.