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Anthropometry of the human scaphoid
Andrew D Heinzelmann1, Graeme Archer, Randy R Bindra
1Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
The Journal of Hand Surgery
|September 11, 2007
Summary
This study provides crucial morphometric data for the human scaphoid bone, revealing significant gender-based differences in scaphoid dimensions. These findings are vital for selecting appropriate screw sizes in scaphoid fracture fixation.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic surgery
- Human anatomy
- Biomechanical engineering
Background:
- Internal fixation is a preferred method for acute scaphoid fractures over casting.
- Evolving screw designs necessitate precise anatomical data for optimal implant selection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish detailed morphometric data of the human scaphoid.
- To document and analyze gender-specific variations in scaphoid dimensions.
- To assess the symmetry of scaphoid measurements between bilateral sides.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 30 paired cadaveric specimens for scaphoid length, width, and morphology measurements.
- Measurements were taken along the long axis from the proximal to distal articular surface.
- Compared scaphoid bone width with diameters of available surgical screws.
Main Results:
- Male scaphoids were significantly longer (31.3 mm) and wider at the proximal pole (4.5 mm) and waist (13.6 mm) compared to female scaphoids (27.3 mm, 3.7 mm, and 11.1 mm, respectively).
- No significant gender difference was observed in distal pole diameter (7.2 mm).
- Standard screw diameters exceeded the proximal pole width of female scaphoids.
Conclusions:
- Recommended screw lengths are 27 mm for males and 23 mm for females, accounting for countersinking.
- The narrow proximal pole of female scaphoids may require "mini" screws or alternative screw placement (distal to proximal) for proximal to distal insertion.
- These morphometric insights guide screw selection for improved scaphoid fracture fixation outcomes.
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