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Hexagonal diamonds in meteorites: implications.

R E Hanneman, H M Strong, F P Bundy

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 24, 1967
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hexagonal diamond, a novel carbon polymorph, was found in meteorites. Intense shock pressures transformed graphite within meteorites into this diamond phase, challenging prior theories.

    Area of Science:

    • Mineralogy and Petrology
    • Materials Science
    • Planetary Science

    Background:

    • Discovery of a new carbon polymorph, hexagonal diamond, in meteorites.
    • Recent laboratory synthesis of hexagonal diamond under high-pressure conditions.
    • Existing theories on the origin of meteorite diamonds, including static growth and shock-induced formation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the origin of hexagonal diamond found in Canyon Diablo and Goalpara meteorites.
    • To provide evidence supporting or refuting proposed mechanisms of diamond formation in meteorites.
    • To understand the role of shock pressures in the formation of carbon polymorphs in extraterrestrial materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of mineral inclusions within the Canyon Diablo and Goalpara meteorites.

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  • Characterization of the discovered hexagonal diamond phase.
  • Comparison of observed meteorite diamond characteristics with laboratory synthesis results and theoretical models.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmation of hexagonal diamond presence in the studied meteorites.
    • Strong evidence indicates shock pressures acted on graphite inclusions.
    • The formation mechanism is attributed to pre-impact shock events rather than static growth.

    Conclusions:

    • The hexagonal diamond in these meteorites originated from shock-induced transformation of graphite.
    • This finding supports shock-pressure as a key mechanism for forming specific diamond polymorphs in meteorites.
    • The study refutes theories proposing the disintegration of larger, statically grown diamonds as the primary source.