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Related Concept Videos

Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate filaments...
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest individual units of elements. Each atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Together, these three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.The History of Atomic TheoryThe first person to propose that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles was the Greek philosopher Democritus, around 450 B.C. He used the term atomos, Greek for “indivisible,” from which the modern term “atom” is derived.
Atomic Structure01:17

Atomic Structure

The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for "indivisible," from which the modern term "atom" is derived. In the 19th century, John Dalton proposed the atomic theory that is still largely correct today. He put forth five postulates to explain how atoms made up the world around us. (1) All matter is composed of infinitely small particles or atoms. (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one another and (3) are...
Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been reported.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

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Published on: November 15, 2013

Dark matter, structure, and strings.

M M Waldrop

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 26, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Astronomers discussed dark matter and large-scale structure, key to galaxy formation. Recent findings presented at a workshop highlight new insights into extragalactic astronomy.

    Area of Science:

    • Extragalactic Astronomy
    • Cosmology

    Background:

    • Dark matter and large-scale structure are critical to understanding galaxy formation.
    • These topics have been central to extragalactic astronomy for a decade.
    • Recent dramatic findings have emerged this year.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the latest thinking on dark matter and large-scale structure in galaxies.
    • To present recent findings from a workshop on Nearly Normal Galaxies.

    Main Methods:

    • Workshop presentations and discussions among astronomers.
    • Review of recent findings in extragalactic astronomy.

    Main Results:

    • Dark matter and large-scale structure remain central, unresolved issues.

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  • New, dramatic findings concerning these topics were announced.
  • The workshop provided a timely forum for discussing these advancements.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Santa Cruz workshop offered a crucial update on the understanding of galaxy formation.
    • Current research is significantly advancing the study of dark matter and cosmic structure.