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Trench-parallel flow beneath the nazca plate from seismic anisotropy
Shear-wave splitting reveals mantle flow beneath the Nazca plate is horizontal and trench-parallel, not 2D entrained. This flow pattern influences plate tectonics and geological features in South America and the Caribbean.
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Seismology
- Plate Tectonics
Background:
- Mantle flow dynamics are crucial for understanding plate tectonics and Earth's evolution.
- Shear-wave splitting is a key technique for imaging mantle anisotropy and flow.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate mantle flow patterns beneath the Nazca, Cocos, and Caribbean plates.
- To test existing models of mantle flow against seismic observations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of shear-wave splitting from S and SKS seismic phases.
- Interpretation of seismic anisotropy and strain field data.
Main Results:
- Observed mantle flow beneath the Nazca plate is predominantly horizontal and trench-parallel.
- Two-dimensional entrained mantle flow models are inconsistent with the seismic data.
- Evidence suggests retrograde slab motion and decoupling contribute to trench-parallel flow.
Conclusions:
- Trench-parallel mantle flow beneath the Nazca plate influences regional tectonics and geomorphology.
- This flow facilitates material transfer between the Pacific and Atlantic mantle reservoirs.
- The findings explain various geological phenomena, including plate motions and Andean deformation.
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