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Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Chi-square Analysis

Chi-square Analysis

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

Published on: July 16, 2019

Mutation in internode length affects wheat plant-type.

C O Qualset, G N Fick, M J Constantin

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 11, 1970

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a wheat mutant with shorter stems due to gamma ray treatment. This genetic mutation, controlled by a single dominant gene, alters canopy structure for potential crop productivity studies.

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An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

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Published on: November 8, 2017

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

Published on: September 2, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

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Published on: July 16, 2019

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

Published on: September 2, 2019

Area of Science:

Plant genetics
Crop science
Mutation breeding

Background:

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a vital global crop.
Understanding genetic control of plant architecture is key for breeding improved varieties.
Mutation induction is a tool for generating novel genetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the discovery and characterization of a novel wheat mutant.
To investigate the genetic basis of the observed dwarf phenotype.
To assess the potential utility of this mutant in crop productivity research.

Main Methods:

Gamma irradiation of wheat grains (cv. 'Seneca') at 3.2 krad.
Phenotypic evaluation of M(2) generation plants for height and internode length.
Segregation analysis to determine the genetic control of the mutation.

Main Results:

A mutant with significantly reduced internode length (33% and 15% for first and second internodes) and 18% shorter total height was identified.
The flag leaf sheath length remained normal, causing the spike to be positioned below the flag leaf lamina.
Segregation data indicated control by a single dominant gene.

Conclusions:

A novel dominant gene controls a dwarf phenotype in wheat, affecting plant height and canopy structure.
This mutant offers a valuable tool for studying light interception and physiological efficiency in wheat canopies.
The altered architecture may have implications for breeding programs aimed at optimizing crop productivity.