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Mass mortality and its environmental and evolutionary consequences.

K J Hsü, Q He, J A McKenzie

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 16, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event caused a significant decrease in ocean productivity, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and a subsequent temperature rise. This extinction unfolded over tens of thousands of years, consistent with a cometary impact scenario.

    Area of Science:

    • Paleoceanography
    • Biostratigraphy
    • Geochemistry

    Background:

    • The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-Pg) boundary marks a significant mass extinction event.
    • Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 524 offers a detailed sedimentary record of this transition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To reconstruct environmental and biostratigraphic changes at the K-Pg boundary.
    • To investigate the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle dynamics during the extinction.
    • To assess the timing and duration of the extinction event.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of bulk carbonate and trace-metal compositions in closely spaced sediment samples.
    • Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses of sediment cores.
    • Biostratigraphic examination of microfossils.

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    Main Results:

    • A reduction in oceanic productivity occurred at the K-Pg boundary.
    • Dissolved carbon dioxide transferred from oceans to atmosphere, increasing atmospheric CO2 levels.
    • Oxygen isotope data reveal a subsequent temperature increase over 50,000 years.
    • Cretaceous-affinity fossils found in lowermost Tertiary sediments suggest survival and/or reworking.

    Conclusions:

    • The K-Pg extinction event led to a prolonged period of elevated atmospheric CO2 and warming.
    • Extinction of pelagic organisms occurred over tens of thousands of years.
    • Findings are consistent with a cometary impact triggering mass mortality and environmental changes.