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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Continuous Charge Distributions01:17

Continuous Charge Distributions

Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
The electric charge can also be subjected to an analogical...
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An interesting property of a conductor in static equilibrium is that extra charges on the conductor end up on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate. Consider a hollow metallic conductor with a uniform surface charge density. Since the conductor itself is in electrostatic equilibrium, there should not be any electric field inside the conductor. Now, assume a Gaussian surface enclosing the hollow portion. Applying Gauss's law, the inner surface of the hollow conductor will not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

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Published on: January 19, 2018

Surface and Bulk Charge Density Wave Structure in 1 T-TaS2.

B Burk, R E Thomson, J Clarke

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 17, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    Charge density waves (CDWs) form domains in materials. This study reveals that in 1T-TaS(2), these striped domains are three-dimensionally ordered and identical on both the crystal surface and in the bulk.

    Area of Science:

    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Incommensurate charge density waves (CDWs) can form domains where they become commensurate.
    • The geometrical structure of these domains and their surface-bulk identity have been debated.
    • Triclinic tantalum disulfide (1T-TaS(2)) is a material exhibiting complex CDW behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To accurately determine the CDW domain structure in both the surface and bulk of 1T-TaS(2).
    • To resolve controversies regarding the geometrical arrangement of CDW domains.
    • To investigate the relationship between surface and bulk CDW domain structures.

    Main Methods:

    • X-ray diffraction was used to analyze bulk CDW wave vectors and satellite peaks.

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  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) provided high-resolution surface imaging.
  • Fourier transforms of STM images were compared with X-ray diffraction data.

    • Main Results:

    • The bulk of 1T-TaS(2) contains three-dimensionally ordered striped domains, previously misidentified.
    • The striped domain configuration observed in the bulk extends unaltered to the crystal surface.
    • Fourier analysis confirmed identical satellite positions between bulk (X-ray) and surface (STM) data.

    Conclusions:

    • The CDW domain structure in 1T-TaS(2) is characterized by three-dimensionally ordered striped domains.
    • The domain structure is identical in the crystal bulk and on the crystal surface.
    • This resolves long-standing questions about CDW domain geometry and surface-bulk consistency in 1T-TaS(2).