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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
Published on: August 1, 2017
Venus Thermosphere: In situ Composition Measurements, the Temperature Profile, and the Homopause Altitude
Abstract:
The neutral mass spectrometer on board the Pioneer Venus multiprobe bus measured composition and structral parameters of the dayside Venus upper atmosphere on 9 December 1978. Carbon dioxide and helium number densities were 6 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(6) per cubic centimeter, respectively, at an altitude of 150 kilometers. The mixing ratios of both argon-36 and argon-40 were approximately 80 parts per million at an altitude of 135 kilometers. The exospheric temperature from 160 to 170 kilometers was 285 +/- 10 K. The helium homopause was found at an altitude of about 137 kilometers.
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