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Bat predation and its influence on calling behavior in neotropical katydids.

J J Belwood, G K Morris

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 2, 1987

Summary

Nocturnal katydids have evolved unique anti-predator adaptations to evade insectivorous bats. Their songs are shortened, supplemented by vibrations undetectable to bats, aiding survival.

Area of Science:

Ecology
Bioacoustics
Animal Behavior

Background:

Insectivorous bats prey on various insects, influencing their anti-predator behaviors.
Katydid songs are crucial for mate attraction but make them vulnerable to bats.
Previous research had not identified such adaptations in katydids.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anti-predator adaptations of katydids in response to bat predation.
To understand how katydids modify their acoustic communication to avoid bats.
To explore the role of substrate-borne vibrations in katydid communication.

Main Methods:

Observational studies of katydid behavior and bat predation in Panama.
Acoustic analysis of katydid songs and tremulations.

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Behavioral experiments to assess bat detection and katydid communication.

Main Results:

Katydid species living with bats significantly reduced their calling song duration.
Males use complex, substrate-borne tremulations undetectable by bats for female attraction.
Female katydids, though not calling audibly, are also preyed upon, potentially while moving towards males.

Conclusions:

Katydids have evolved sophisticated acoustic and vibrational communication strategies to mitigate bat predation.
These adaptations highlight the significant evolutionary pressure bats exert on insect acoustic communication.
The study reveals novel anti-predator mechanisms in katydids, expanding our understanding of insect-bat interactions.